Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions is a protocol standard for email encryption and signature. It adds cryptographic security services through MIME encapsulation of digitally signed and encrypted objects and provides non-repudiation, integrity, and privacy.
S/MIME is an industry standard that is installed by default on many popular mail clients and uses hierarchical design based on authorities for its key management, making it great for large scale implementations
It’s basically an end to end encryption solution for email communications that uses asymmetric cryptography. To use it, you need an S/MIME certificate, which includes a public and private key mapped to your email address. It also provides digital signatures to ensure email is authenticated and its content hasn’t been tampered with using hash.